Pseudo-classes in HTML are keywords signifying a specific state of an element, for example that an element is hovered over. They are written starting with a colon like :hover
| Selector | Example description |
|---|---|
| :active | Selects the active link |
| :checked | Selects every checked <input> element |
| :disabled | Selects every disabled <input> element |
| :empty | Selects every <p> element that has no children |
| :enabled | Selects every enabled <input> element |
| :first-child | Selects every <p> elements that is the first child of its parent |
| :first-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the first <p> element of its parent |
| :focus | Selects the <input> element that has focus |
| :hover | Selects links on mouse over |
| :in-range | Selects <input> elements with a value within a specified range |
| :invalid | Selects all <input> elements with an invalid value |
| :lang(language) | Selects every <p> element with a lang attribute value starting with “it” |
| :last-child | Selects every<p>elements that is the last child of its parent |
| :last-of-type | Selects every<p> element that is the last <p> element of its parent |
| :link | Selects all unvisited links |
| :not(selector) | Selects every element that is not a <p> element |
| :nth-child(n) | Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent |
| :nth-last-child(n) | Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the last child |
| :nth-last-of-type(n) | Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent, counting from the last child |
| :nth-of-type(n) | Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent |
| :only-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the only <p> element of its parent |
| :only-child | Selects every <p> element that is the only child of its parent |
| :optional | Selects <input> elements with no “required” attribute |
| :out-of-range | Selects <input> elements with a value outside a specified range |
| :read-only | Selects <input> elements with a “readonly” attribute specified |
| :read-write | Selects <input> elements with no “readonly” attribute |
| :required | Selects <input> elements with a “required” attribute specified |
| :root | Selects the document’s root element |
| :target | Selects the current activenews element (clicked on a URL containing that anchor name) |
| :valid | Selects all <input> elements with a valid value |
| :visited | Selects all visited links |